Menene yanayin aikace-aikacen MOSFETs?

MOSFETs ana amfani da su sosai a cikin da'irori na analog da dijital kuma suna da alaƙa da rayuwarmu. Fa'idodin MOSFETs sune: da'irar tuƙi yana da sauƙi. MOSFETs suna buƙatar ƙarancin tuƙi na yanzu fiye da BJTs, kuma yawanci ana iya tura su kai tsaye ta CMOS ko buɗe mai tarawa. Hanyoyin ciniki na TTL. Na biyu, MOSFETs suna canzawa da sauri kuma suna iya aiki cikin sauri mafi girma saboda babu tasirin ajiyar caji. Bugu da kari, MOSFETs ba su da tsarin gazawa na biyu. Mafi girman yawan zafin jiki, sau da yawa yana da ƙarfin juriya, ƙananan yiwuwar rushewar thermal, amma kuma a cikin yanayin zafi mai faɗi don samar da mafi kyawun aiki.MOSFETs an yi amfani da su a cikin babban adadin aikace-aikace, a cikin masu amfani da lantarki, kayayyakin masana'antu, electromechanical. Ana iya samun kayan aiki, wayoyi masu wayo da sauran samfuran lantarki masu ɗaukar hoto na dijital a ko'ina.

Binciken shari'ar aikace-aikacen MOSFET

1. Canja wutar lantarki aikace-aikace

Ta hanyar ma'anar, wannan aikace-aikacen yana buƙatar MOSFETs don gudanarwa da rufewa lokaci-lokaci. A lokaci guda, akwai da yawa na topologies da za a iya amfani da su don sauya wutar lantarki, irin su wutar lantarki na DC-DC da aka saba amfani da su a cikin madaidaicin buck Converter ya dogara da MOSFET guda biyu don yin aikin sauyawa, waɗannan suna canzawa a madadin a cikin inductor don adanawa. makamashi, sa'an nan kuma bude makamashi ga kaya. A halin yanzu, masu zanen kaya sukan zaɓi mitoci a cikin ɗaruruwan kHz har ma da sama da 1 MHz, saboda gaskiyar cewa mafi girman mitar, ƙarami da haske abubuwan haɗin magnetic. Mafi mahimmancin sigogin MOSFET na biyu a cikin sauya kayan wuta sun haɗa da ƙarfin fitarwa, ƙarfin wutan kofa, rashin ƙarfi na kofa da makamashin kankara.

2, aikace-aikacen sarrafa motoci

Aikace-aikacen sarrafa motoci wani yanki ne na aikace-aikacen wutaMOSFETs. Yawancin da'irori masu sarrafa rabin gada suna amfani da MOSFET guda biyu (cikakken gada yana amfani da hudu), amma MOSFETs biyu na kashe lokaci (lokacin mutuwa) daidai yake. Don wannan aikace-aikacen, lokacin dawowa baya (trr) yana da mahimmanci sosai. Lokacin sarrafa nauyin inductive (kamar iskar mota), da'irar sarrafawa tana canza MOSFET a cikin da'irar gada zuwa yanayin kashewa, a wannan lokacin wani canji a cikin da'irar gada yana juyawa na ɗan lokaci ta hanyar diode jiki a MOSFET. Don haka, halin yanzu yana sake zagayawa kuma yana ci gaba da sarrafa injin. Lokacin da MOSFET ta farko ta sake gudanarwa, cajin da aka adana a cikin sauran MOSFET diode dole ne a cire shi kuma a fitar dashi ta MOSFET ta farko. Wannan hasarar makamashi ce, don haka guntun trr, ƙananan asarar.

3, aikace-aikacen mota

Amfani da wutar lantarki MOSFETs a cikin aikace-aikacen mota ya girma cikin sauri cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata. ƘarfiMOSFETAn zaɓi shi ne saboda yana iya jure wa abubuwan da suka faru na wucin gadi na lantarki na lantarki na yau da kullun, kamar zubar da kaya da canje-canje kwatsam a cikin makamashin tsarin, kuma kunshin sa yana da sauƙi, galibi yana amfani da fakitin TO220 da TO247. A lokaci guda kuma, aikace-aikace kamar tagogin wuta, allurar mai, goge-goge, da sarrafa jiragen ruwa a hankali suna zama daidaitattun motoci a yawancin motoci, kuma ana buƙatar na'urorin wutar lantarki iri ɗaya a cikin ƙirar. A wannan lokacin, MOSFET ikon kera motoci sun samo asali azaman injina, solenoids, da allurar mai sun zama sananne.

MOSFETs da ake amfani da su a cikin na'urorin kera motoci suna rufe nau'ikan wutar lantarki, igiyoyi, da kan juriya. Na'urorin kula da motoci suna daidaita saitunan gada ta amfani da nau'ikan ƙarfin lantarki na 30V da 40V, ana amfani da na'urorin 60V don fitar da lodi inda dole ne a sarrafa saukar da kaya kwatsam da yanayin farawa, kuma ana buƙatar fasahar 75V lokacin da aka canza ma'aunin masana'antu zuwa tsarin baturi 42V. Babban na'urorin wutar lantarki na taimako suna buƙatar amfani da nau'ikan 100V zuwa 150V, kuma ana amfani da na'urorin MOSFET sama da 400V a cikin raka'o'in direbobin injin da da'irori don babban fitilun fitilun wuta (HID).

Motar MOSFET na kewayon tuƙi daga 2A zuwa sama da 100A, tare da juriya daga 2mΩ zuwa 100mΩ. Abubuwan MOSFET sun haɗa da injina, bawuloli, fitilu, abubuwan dumama, majalissar piezoelectric capacitive da kayan wutar lantarki na DC/DC. Sauya mitoci yawanci kewayo daga 10kHz zuwa 100kHz, tare da faɗakarwa cewa sarrafa motar bai dace da sauya mitoci sama da 20kHz ba. Sauran manyan buƙatu sune aikin UIS, yanayin aiki a iyakar ma'aunin zafin jiki (-40 digiri zuwa digiri 175, wani lokacin har zuwa digiri 200) da babban abin dogaro fiye da rayuwar motar.

4, fitilun LED da direban fitilu

A cikin ƙirar fitilun LED da fitilu galibi suna amfani da MOSFET, don direban LED akai-akai, gabaɗaya amfani da NMOS. ikon MOSFET da transistor bipolar yawanci sun bambanta. Ƙofarsa capacitance yana da girma. Ana buƙatar cajin capacitor kafin gudanarwa. Lokacin da ƙarfin ƙarfin capacitor ya wuce ƙarfin ƙarfin kofa, MOSFET ta fara gudanarwa. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci a lura a lokacin ƙira cewa ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyin direban ƙofar yana buƙatar ya zama babba don tabbatar da cewa an kammala cajin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙofar daidai (CEI) a cikin lokacin da tsarin ke buƙata.

Saurin sauyawa na MOSFET ya dogara sosai akan caji da fitar da ƙarfin shigarwar. Kodayake mai amfani ba zai iya rage darajar Cin ba, amma yana iya rage ƙimar siginar siginar ƙofar kofa ta hanyar juriya na ciki Rs, don haka rage cajin madauki na ƙofar da kuma fitar da adadin lokaci, don hanzarta saurin sauyawa, babban ƙarfin IC ɗin gaba ɗaya. ne yafi nuna a nan, mu ce cewa zabi naMOSFETyana nufin MOSFET drive ɗin ICs na yau da kullun. ginanniyar MOSFET ICs baya buƙatar yin la'akari. Gabaɗaya magana, MOSFET na waje za a yi la'akari da igiyoyin ruwa da suka wuce 1A. Domin samun mafi girma da mafi m LED ikon ikon, MOSFET na waje ita ce hanya daya tilo da za a zabi IC yana buƙatar ƙarfin da ya dace ya motsa shi, kuma ƙarfin shigar MOSFET shine maɓalli na maɓalli.