Ka'idar aiki ta MOSFET ta dogara ne akan ƙayyadaddun kaddarorin sa na tsari da tasirin filin lantarki. Mai zuwa shine cikakken bayanin yadda MOSFETs ke aiki:
I. Tsarin asali na MOSFET
MOSFET ta ƙunshi galibin kofa (G), tushen (S), magudanar ruwa (D), da maɓalli (B, wani lokaci ana haɗawa da tushen don samar da na'urar tasha uku). A cikin MOSFETs na haɓakawa ta tashar N-tashar, ƙaramin abu yawanci ƙaramin kayan siliki ne na nau'in P wanda aka ƙirƙira yankuna biyu na nau'in N-doped don zama tushen da magudanar ruwa, bi da bi. Fuskar nau'in nau'in nau'in P an rufe shi da fim ɗin oxide na bakin ciki sosai (silicon dioxide) azaman rufin rufi, kuma ana zana lantarki azaman ƙofar. Wannan tsarin ya sa ƙofar ta keɓe daga nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i na nau'i na P-type, magudanar ruwa da kuma tushen) ana kiran shi da bututun filin filin da aka rufe.
II. Ka'idar aiki
MOSFETs suna aiki ta amfani da wutar lantarki na tushen ƙofar (VGS) don sarrafa magudanar ruwa na yanzu (ID). Musamman, lokacin da ingantaccen ƙarfin tushen ƙofar ƙofar, VGS, ya fi sifili, filin lantarki mai inganci na sama da ƙasa mara kyau zai bayyana akan Layer oxide a ƙasan ƙofar. Wannan filin lantarki yana jan hankalin electrons kyauta a cikin P-region, yana sa su taru a ƙasa da Layer oxide, yayin da suke tunkude ramukan P-region. Yayin da VGS ke ƙaruwa, ƙarfin filin lantarki yana ƙaruwa kuma yawan abubuwan da ke jawo hankalin electrons kyauta yana ƙaruwa. Lokacin da VGS ta kai wani takamaiman ƙarfin wuta (VT), yawan adadin electrons kyauta da aka tattara a yankin ya isa ya samar da sabon yanki na nau'in N (N-channel), wanda ke aiki kamar gada mai haɗa magudanar ruwa da tushen. A wannan lokaci, idan wani takamaiman ƙarfin lantarki (VDS) ya kasance tsakanin magudanar ruwa da tushe, magudanar ruwa na yanzu yana fara gudana.
III. Ƙirƙira da canjin tashar gudanarwa
Samar da tashar gudanarwa shine mabuɗin aikin MOSFET. Lokacin da VGS ya fi VT girma, an kafa tashar gudanarwa kuma ID na yanzu yana shafar VGS da VDS.VGS yana rinjayar ID ta hanyar sarrafa nisa da siffar tashar tashar, yayin da VDS yana rinjayar ID kai tsaye a matsayin ƙarfin tuki. yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa idan ba a kafa tashar gudanarwa ba (watau VGS ya kasa da VT), to ko da VDS yana nan, ID na yanzu ba ya bayyana.
IV. Halayen MOSFETs
Babban shigarwar impedance:Rashin shigar da MOSFET yana da girma sosai, yana kusa da rashin iyaka, saboda akwai rufin insulating tsakanin ƙofar da yankin magudanar ruwa kuma kawai ƙarancin kofa mai rauni.
Ƙarƙashin ƙarfin fitarwa:MOSFETs sune na'urori masu sarrafa wutar lantarki waɗanda maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na yanzu zasu iya canzawa tare da ƙarfin shigarwar, don haka abin da suke fitarwa kaɗan ne.
Matsakaicin kwarara:Lokacin aiki a cikin yankin jikewa, halin yanzu na MOSFET kusan ba zai iya shafan canje-canje a cikin wutar lantarki mai tushe ba, yana samar da ingantaccen halin yanzu.
Kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali:MOSFETs suna da kewayon zafin aiki mai faɗi daga -55°C zuwa kusan +150°C.
V. Aikace-aikace da rarrabawa
MOSFETs ana amfani da su sosai a cikin da'irori na dijital, da'irorin analog, da'irar wutar lantarki da sauran fagage. Dangane da nau'in aiki, ana iya rarraba MOSFET zuwa nau'ikan haɓakawa da raguwa; bisa ga nau'in tashar gudanarwa, ana iya rarraba su zuwa N-channel da P-channel. Waɗannan nau'ikan MOSFET daban-daban suna da fa'idodin nasu a cikin yanayin aikace-aikacen daban-daban.
A taƙaice, ka'idar aiki ta MOSFET ita ce sarrafa samuwar da canjin tashar gudanarwa ta hanyar wutar lantarki ta hanyar ƙofar, wanda hakan ke sarrafa kwararar magudanar ruwa. Babban abin shigarsa, ƙarancin fitarwa, ƙarancin halin yanzu da kwanciyar hankali yana sanya MOSFETs wani muhimmin sashi a cikin da'irori na lantarki.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-25-2024
